認為輔助溝通系統(Augmentative and Alternative Communication, AAC)會阻礙口語學習是大眾對AAC常見的迷思與誤解。根據研究顯示,AAC的支持對口音和語言發展具有正向影響,並不會阻礙AAC使用者的口語學習。
人們開始使用AAC的原因有很多。
我們經常被問到:「AAC會阻礙一個人的口語學習嗎?」
不同的團隊成員會對其他溝通形式的介入有疑慮,擔心會因此減少口語的嘗試。所以想了解AAC的支持是否會阻礙使用者學習口語,或甚至導致他們不願意嘗試說話。
每個人以不同的方式回應AAC。少數人可能會對AAC做出與研究不一致的反應。但是,我們能確信,對大多數人而言,AAC並不會影響口語發展,反而可能會在口語中取得進步。AAC提供了一種讓溝通更清楚、明確的方式,並減少挫折感和幫助語言發展。
以下是最常被引用的兩篇文章:
《The Impact of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention on the Speech Production of Individuals With Developmental Disabilities: A Research Review》
-2006年4月,Diane C. Millar,Janice C. Light和Ralf W. Schlosser發表於《Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research》第49期P248-264。[doi: 10.1044/1092-4388 (2006/021)]
本文介紹了它們分析的結果,以確定AAC對發展性障礙者(developmental disabilities)的口語產生的影響。他們完整地搜尋了1975年至2003年之間的文獻,並研究在AAC尚未介入、介入中,以及介入之後,有關語音產生(speech production)的數據。
《Effects of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention on Speech Production in Children With Autism: A Systematic Review》
-2008年8月, Ralf W. Schlosser和Oliver Wendt發表於《American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology》第17期第一卷,P212-230。[doi: 10.1044/1058-0360 (2008/021)]
系统性回顧是為了確定AAC的介入對自閉症兒童言語產生的影響。他們使用各種資源和搜索方法搜尋了1975年至2007年5月之間所撰寫的研究報告。並分析了參與者的特徵、治療特性和結果。
以下是支持此篇論點的其他文獻:
Baumann Leech, E. & Cress, C. (2011). Indirect Facilitation of Speech in a Late Talking Child by Prompted Production of Picture Symbols or Signs. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 27 (1), 40-52.
Blischak, D. M. (1999). Increases in natural speech production following experience with synthetic speech. Journal of Special Education Technology, 14, 4453.
Blischak, D., Lombardino, L., & Dyson, A. (2003). Use of Speech-Generating Devices: In Support of Natural Speech. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 19 (1), 29-35.
Cress, C., & Marvin, C. (2003). Common Questions about AAC Services in Early Intervention. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 19(4), 254-272.
King, A., Hengst, J., & DeThorne, L. (2013). Severe Speech Sound Disorders: An Integrated Multimodal Intervention. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 44, 195-210.
Millar, D., Light, J., & Schlosser, R. (2006). The Impact of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention on the Speech Production of Individuals With Developmental Disabilities: A Research Review. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 49, 248-264.
Romski, M. & Sevcik, R. (2005). Augmentative Communication and Early Intervention: Myths and Realities. Infants and Young Children, 18(3), 174-185.
Romski, M., Sevcik, R., Adamson, L., Cheslock, M., Smith, A., Barker, R., & Bakeman, R. (2010). Randomized Comparison of Augmented and Nonaugmented Language Interventions for Toddlers With Developmental Delays and Their Parents. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53, 350-364.
Sigafoos, J., Didden, R., & O'Reilly, M. (2003). Effects of Speech Output on Maintenance of Requesting and Frequency of Vocalizations in Three Children with Developmental Disabilities. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 19(1), 37-47.
Schlosser, R. & Wendt, O. (2008). Effects of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention on Speech production in Children with Autism: A Systematic Review. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 17, 212-230.